Enhanced DV-Hop using shuffled shepherd algorithm for localizing sensor nodes in 3-D space

Abstract For many wireless sensor networks applications, a powerful localization algorithm is required to determine the exact positions of nodes. In this paper, new presented which combines distance vector hop (DV-Hop) with shuffled shepherd optimization position for each unknown node within 3-D space. Studying problem in space more realistic, but challenging due enlarged search Comparison our proposed its alternatives literature shows that it offers improved accuracy and stable performance respect changes nodes density communication range.